Bangladesh will Launch an Earth Observation Satellite

Work is underway to start work on Bangladesh's second artificial satellite very soon after it is finalized. The country's second satellite after Bangabandhu-1 will be an 'Earth Observation Satellite', which will help in surveying the vast oceans, including surveying the country's crop production and flood situation by taking live pictures of the land surface. Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company Limited - BCSCL, hopes that the government will be able to launch the country's second satellite in the current term. The government is considering buying and launching this satellite in the G2G (Government-to-Government) process.

Earth Observation Satellites are used to take pictures of different parts of the Earth's surface and to observe the Earth's surface. The country's first commercial satellite Bangabandhu-1 is a 'geostationary communication' satellite, which is only used for communication.

The BCSCL chairman said, “An agreement was reached with the French consulting firm Price-Water House Coopers for the launch of the country's second satellite. Based on the report of the consulting firm, we have decided that the second satellite will be Earth Observation Satellite." He said the satellite would provide various benefits, adding that it would help monitor the country's crop production, flood monitoring and monitoring the country's vast oceans.

Apart from working in the country, there is also an opportunity to earn money with this satellite. As the Middle East and Africa will be covered by the satellite, it will be possible to earn income by selling various data from those areas. Because not all countries have this type of satellite. In addition to geostationary communication satellites, there are different satellites for various purposes including communication, remote sensing, navigation, geocentric orbit type, polar satellites.

The main consultant for the design of the system of the country's first artificial satellite Bangabandhu-1 was the US-based 'Space Partnership International'. After that, the satellite system was bought from the French company Talis Elenia Space under a contract worth Tk 1,951.85 crore. On 12 May 2018, the Bangabandhu-1 satellite launched from the launch pad of the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. Bangladesh is the 57th country to launch a satellite. Six months after its launch, in November 2018, Bangladesh fully acquired the ownership and control of Bangabandhu Satellite-1.

The cost of launching this time will be less than what was spent to launch Bangabandhu-1. There will be no cost after the launch of the second one. It will not be necessary to rent orbital slots. It will not be too high above the surface. The cost of renting the slot will be saved. It is also called LEO or Low Earth Orbit Satellite (LEO satellite).

Bangabandhu-1 was located 36,000 km away from the launch site. Bangabandhu-1 satellite is addressed in an orbital slot at 119.1 East longitude. Bangladesh has leased the slot from the Moscow-based Inter-sputnik International Organization of Space Communications for 45 years.

 

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Rover Curiosity Identified Methane Gas on Mars | Symbol of Life !

Is there a possibility to find any symbol of life in the red planet MARS? At least NASA's recent report indicated that. Astronomers have discovered from the report sent by the spacecraft Curiosity Rover on last week. The report said that the red planet has high levels of methane gas on its atmosphere and everybody was just surprised.

Because the methane gas in the earth is emitted by living organisms. Scientists have received the information sent by Mars Rover Curiosity on 20^th June 2019. Then on next day they researched a lot based on that information and become excited.

Though any kind of official announcement regarding this matter has not yet been finalized yet by NASA.

"With these new findings, Mars is telling us to stay the course and keep searching for evidence of life," said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, in Washington. "I'm confident that our ongoing and planned missions will unlock even more breathtaking discoveries on the Red Planet."

So far, they are continuing various experiments and testing’s. Curiosity has sent some new information on about atmosphere of Mars. The researchers and scientists have become more enthusiastic. The test report based on this matter may come next week.

Scientists say that if there is methane gas in the air of Mars in a very small scale. That means the methane found on the atmosphere is emitted very recent.

"Curiosity has not determined the source of the organic molecules," said Jen Eigenbrode of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who is lead author of one of the two new Science papers. "Whether it holds a record of ancient life, was food for life, or has existed in the absence of life, organic matter in Martian materials holds chemical clues to planetary conditions and processes."

The Methozen is present in any place on the earth where there is a lack of oxygen. Such as in underground stoneware or in animal stomach. The animals leave the methane as the body's waste.

However, the methane formation sometimes happens in geothermal reaction, scientists think. They think, maybe Mars's methane found in the Curiosity test has many antiquities which was buried under stones for several thousand of years. Suddenly it broke out.

"This is the first time we've seen something repeatable in the methane story, so it offers us a handle in understanding it," said Chris Webster of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, lead author of the second paper. "This is all possible because of Curiosity's longevity. The long duration has allowed us to see the patterns in this seasonal 'breathing.'"

But everything is now in the research level. Scientists from NASA say that they cannot understand the whole thing without further testing.

So, we will have to wait more.

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Bangladesh will Launch an Earth Observation Satellite

Little about the LHC - Large Hadron Collider

Large Hadron Collider – LHC, in general, the LHC refers to a machine that deserves to be labeled the “Largest” in the world made by human which is weighs more than 38,000 tons (thirty eight thousands). This machine is located 100 meters beneath the Swiss / French Border at Geneva which is runs for 27 km (16.5 mile) in a circulated tunnel but as an international project the LHC crosses continents and many international borders..

The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) is an International Project, in which the UK has a leading role in this project and has scientists and engineers working on all the main experiments. The LHC’s 27 km loop in a sense encircles the globe, because the LHC project is supported by an enormous international community of scientists and engineers. Working in multinational teams, at CERN and around the world, they are building and testing LHC equipment and software, participating in experiments and analyzing data.

However, the Collider is only one of three essential parts of the LHC project. The other two are:

• The Detectors: which sit in 4 huge chambers at points around the LHC tunnel.
• The GRID: which is a global network of computers and software essential to processing the data recorded by LHC’s detectors.

What will this Big Machine (LHC) do:
The LHC will allow scientists to probe deeper into the heart of matter and further back in time than has been possible using previous colliders. Researchers think that the Universe originated in the Big Bang (an unimaginably violent explosion) and since then the Universe has been cooling down and becoming less energetic. Very early in the cooling process the matter and forces that make up our world ‘condensed’ out of this ball of energy.

The LHC will produce tiny patches of very high energy by colliding together atomic particles that are travelling at very high speed. The more energy produced in the collisions the further back we can look towards the very high energies that existed early in the evolution of the Universe. Collisions in the LHC will have up to 7x the energy of those produced in previous machines; recreating energies and conditions that existed billionths of a second after the start of the Big Bang.

How does the LHC Work:
The LHC accelerates two beams of atomic particles in opposite directions around the 27km long Collider. When the particle beams reach their maximum speed the LHC allows them to ‘collide’ at 4 points on their circular journey. Thousands of new particles are produced when particles collide and detectors, placed around the collision points, allow scientists to identify these new particles by tracking their behavior.

The detectors are able to follow the millions of collisions and new particles produced every second and identify the distinctive behavior of interesting new particles from among the many thousands that are of little interest. As the energy produced in the collisions increases researchers are able to peer deeper into the fundamental structure of the Universe and further back in its history. In these extreme conditions unknown atomic particles may appear.

Thanks a lot for reading and viewing this post. If you are more interested to know further details about this Biggest Scientific Machine - LHC, please visit the web portal of LHC.

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James Webb Space Telescope - The Future Hubble

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space-based telescope. The project is working to a 2018 launch date. The James Webb Space Telescope was named after the NASA Administrator who crafted the Apollo program, and who was a staunch supporter of space science. Webb will find the first galaxies that formed in the early Universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way Galaxy. Webb will peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the Milky Way to our own Solar System. Webb's instruments will be designed to work primarily in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some capability in the visible range. 

The Webb will be the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It will study every phase in the history of our Universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own Solar System.

Webb is an international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is managing the development effort. The main industrial partner is Northrop Grumman; the Space Telescope Science Institute will operate Webb after launch.

Several innovative technologies have been developed for Webb. These include a folding, segmented primary mirror, adjusted to shape after launch; ultra-lightweight beryllium optics; detectors able to record extremely weak signals, micro-shutters that enable programmable object selection for the spectrograph; and a cryo-cooler for cooling the mid-IR detectors to 7K.

Webb was formerly known as the "Next Generation Space Telescope" (NGST); it was renamed in Sept. 2002 after a former NASA administrator, James Webb. Webb will have a large mirror, 6.5 meters (21.3 feet) in diameter and a sunshield the size of a tennis court. Both the mirror and sunshade won't fit onto a rocket fully open, so both will fold up and open once Webb is in outer space. Webb will reside in an orbit about 1.5 million km (1 million miles) from the Earth.

There will be four science instruments on Webb: the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam), the Near InfraRed Spectrograph (NIRSpec), the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and the Fine Guidance Sensor/ Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS). Webb's instruments will be designed to work primarily in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some capability in the visible range. It will be sensitive to light from 0.6 to 28 micrometers in wavelength.

Webb has four main science themes: The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Re-ionization, The Assembly of Galaxies, The Birth of Stars and Proto-planetary Systems, and Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life.
Below are images of other instruments using to build the JWST:

About the Launching of the Telescope:
The Webb will be launched from Arianespace's ELA-3 launch complex at European Spaceport located near Kourou, French Guiana.

The Launch Segment has 3 primary components:

1. Launch Vehicle: an Ariane 5 ECA with the cryogenic upper stage. It will be provided in the single launch configuration, with a long payload fairing providing a maximum 4.57 meter static diameter and useable length of 16.19 meters.
2. Payload Adapter, comprising the Cone 3936 plus ACU 2624 lower cylinder and clamp-band, which provides the separating mechanical and electrical interface between the Webb Observatory and the Launch Vehicle.
3. Launch campaign preparation and launch campaign. The European Space Agency (ESA) will provide the launch vehicle and the payload adapter to the Webb Mission. The launch campaign preparation and launch campaign is the mutual responsibility of NASA, ESA, NGST, and Arianespace.

All the credits for images and descriptions goes to JWST.NASA. Visit the web portal to know more about JWST.

Thanks.

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