ZenBook Pro Duo UX581GV from Asus | First Multi-Touch Laptop

Asus has introduced their new laptop model of ZenBook series which has the latest features compared to other laptops in the market. This time the Asus ZenBook series has brought a modern and innovative look in their brand. There are two screens when the laptop is opened, and both are designed with sophisticated 4K technology. Different tasks can be done with two screens simultaneously. This new version of ZenBook has some surprises, especially for those who want to do 'multi task'. The Asus ZenBook Pro Duo UX581GV Multi-Touch Laptop has some latest technology involvement.

The laptop has a 15.6-inch main screen with 4K UHD OLED panel. The screen pad plus like keyboard also has original screen like with 4K resolution. So editing photos and videos will be more perfect. Users will get the benefit of multiple tasks at the same time. Editing a picture or video on the main screen allows users to play music on screen-pad plus at the same time. Calling Skype on the main screen, speaking on the screen-pad plus or drawings can be done effortlessly. The screen at the top of the keyboard can run multiple apps simultaneously, which will speed up the work.

Along with the screen-pad plus and the main screen, this laptop has a touch-pad and number pad also. The touch screen sensor is also quite realistic. That is, it is not a very high-quality sensor that can be operated in an unexpected way, nor it is stable that cannot be easily operated. The laptop has the appropriate sensor capabilities on each screen.

The 15.6" ZenBook Pro Duo UX581GV Multi-Touch Laptop from ASUS features a unique design that's more screen than usual. Its ScreenPad Plus measures 14" diagonally and offers users multitasking capabilities that laptops didn't have before. As a functional second screen, it can be used to view additional windows, house a variety of quick-access

The Core i9 processor-rich ZenBook Pro has eight Hyper-Threaded cores (2.6 GHz base speed) which boost the speed. This speed can reach at maximum of 4.5 GHz. It also has 32GB DDR4 memory, which makes easy to work on high-resolution images, 4K videos, large database management and CAD applications on this laptop.

Any software in ZenBook Pro Duo UX581GV Multi-Touch Laptop will work smoothly, as its one-terabyte SSD is capable of handling any application faster. This laptop's webcam, headphone jack and array microphone can hold the latest technology devices and applications. This new ZenBook Pro Duo will be able to Alexa Voice-Recognition.

This new version of ZenBook is at the forefront of heating and sound control. Even at the highest speed, its internal temperature will be tolerable for it Dual Fan – cooling systems. This highly efficient dual-fan cooling system incorporates three heat pipes. Even though the new ZenBook Pro is more powerful than ever, this advanced cooling design ensures that it stays cool for maximum performance, anytime and anywhere.

For more details please visit ASUS.

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Google have Quantum Computer

Quantum Computer | Does Google really have it !

Google has recently claims to have most developed and advanced Quantum Computer, which for the first time achieved 'quantum supremacy'. That is, Google has surpassed all conventional computers in terms of computing calculations or performance. Recently the BBC published news release regarding this. Research articles have also been published in the ‘Nature’ journal.

What is Quantum Computer:

A Quantum Computer can solve many complex problems of quantum mechanism easily. In order to solve the same problem, a super computer takes hundreds of thousands of years. This is called quantum supremacy. When an organization or a country will be able solve such complex problems in a very short time using quantum computers, it will be said that they have achieved quantum supremacy.

Google has made a sycamore quantum processor and this Google-made quantum processor is capable of completing a specific task within 200 seconds while it will take thousand years to complete the same task using world's best supercomputer. Researchers and engineers have been trying to build quantum computers for decades and they have announced that such a computer will be far ahead of the speed.

In the binary system, the numbers are only one and two (1 and 2). With this binary majority, all kinds of work are done by the present computer system. However 0 and 1 cannot be represented at the same time. Quantum computers are far ahead in this step compared to traditional computers.

Google has claimed that a quantum computer can do the work that is not possible using a conventional computer. Researchers compared this invention to the discovery of the first aircraft of the Wilbur Wright brothers in 1903. This is the beginning of fantasy. However, it will take more time to get the full benefits from this computer. Google's quantum computer information leaked last month. It claims that Google has already created a quantum computer.

Power of Quantum Computer:

Quantum computers have been a widely discussed term in the technology world for many years. It is said that anyone who can reach this computer will be the controller of the whole world.

The special chip called 'Sycamore' consists of a two-dimensional array of 54 transmon qubits (the basic unit of quantum computers), where each qubit is tunably coupled to four nearest neighbors, in a rectangular lattice. Qubits can perform many times more than traditional computer bits.

Advantages of Quantum Computer:

Quantum computers have many advantages. It does not solve many mathematical problems. According to scientists, quantum computers will be able to solve the problems that traditional computers have in order to solve very complex problems. As a result, quantum computers can revolutionize everywhere - from pharmaceuticals to oil industries.

Particularly complex mathematical problems in physics and chemistry can be solved quickly. New drugs will be invented using Quantum Computer. Commercial algorithms of financial institutions can be further improved. Even the early forms of artificial intelligence that scientists are working can be improved larger scale.

Disadvantages of Quantum Computer:

There are risks. If an advanced quantum computer created, all the security of the current Internet of Things could be collapse like a house of playing cards. British famous newspaper The Economist says quantum computers will be able to do whatever they want in any organization or company. The personal information of billions of Internet users across the world can be taken into their own memory. The government database can be hacked. Undue control can be imposed in the banking system. State defense system can be turned off if desired. Considering these aspects, many do not even hesitate to call it a "terrible" computer.

Google Says:

Google AI Quantum is advancing quantum computing by developing quantum processors and novel quantum algorithms to help researchers and developers solve near-term problems both theoretical and practical. We think quantum computing will help us develop the innovations of tomorrow, including AI. That’s why we’re committed to building dedicated quantum hardware and software today. Quantum computing is a new paradigm that will play a big role in accelerating tasks for AI. We want to offer researchers and developers access to open source frameworks and computing power that can operate beyond classical capabilities.

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WiFi 6 | High Speed Internet Service is Coming

The tech world is constantly changing through inventing new technologies. At present, the most updated technology in the world of wireless connectivity is WiFi-6 which has not yet been officially launched but tested successfully.

Another name for the Internet is called speed. The fastest 5G technology has already begun to spread across the world. Now another high-speed internet service is coming to the user's Smartphone screen with the new Wi-Fi technology which will be called as Wi-Fi 6. Before launching this service, all the steps involved in developing a new Wi-Fi technology have been done. Networking hardware manufacturing has already been started for this technology. Even world-renowned tech companies have started producing various products that supports Wi-Fi 6.

Analysts say ‘Wi-Fi version Six’ will bring some radical changes in the Internet world. Wi-Fi 5 is currently running. Compared to Five, the Wi-Fi Six will provide nearly three times faster speed. At the same time, Six will be able to continuously provide high speed internet service to multiple users. Updated security technology has been added to it.

Number of Mobile gadgets, Internet of Things (IoT) and various hardware devices connected to the Internet are increasing worldwide. After the launch of the WiFi Six version, if manufacturers start making their supported devices then the use of version 6 will start thoroughly.

About Wi-Fi 6:

Wi-Fi technology is standardized by an international organization called the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Another International organization called 'Wi-Fi Alliance' gives certificates to Wi-Fi technology supported devices or certifies the quality. The Wi-Fi Alliance is made up of more than eight hundred companies and manufacturers around the world. It has Apple, Microsoft, Google, FaceBook, Intel, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Samsung, LG Electronics and more.

These two international organization works to bring new radio technology in every five years. The task of updating Wi-Fi technology has also done in five years. Wi-Fi Five was introduced in the year 2014 and it’s another name was 'IEEE 802.11AC'. Wi-Fi Five is commonly used on almost all Smartphone, Laptops or various IoT devices. That continuation of developments has brought the WiFi - or IEEE 802.11AX.

Features and Specialties Wi-Fi 6:

• The big surprise of the new Wi-Fi technology is high-speed. The maximum speed of the WiFi-5 is 3.5 gbps (Gigabits per second). On Wi-Fi 6, it will be about 9.6 gbps.
• Usually when multiple devices get connected to a Wi-Fi network, the Internet slows down. But that won't happen on Wi-Fi Six. Rather, this new technology will ensure the same level of internet service and information flow to multiple users on the same network.
• Compared to the version five, the speed of internet will increase by about four times.
• Wi-Fi Six can run on two types of frequencies, these are the 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz bands.
• The security measures have been further strengthened by adding security standard WPA3 which is mandatory. The users will use encryption to exchange information. Apart from this, the WPA3 will help the user to be safe from hackers.
• WiFi-6 will also increase the battery performance of devices connected to the Internet. This will not drain the device's battery even for long internet usage. The device will last for a long time.
• Analysts say Wi-Fi Six can comfortably use the Internet on various IoT devices, including Smartphones, smart TVs, Laptops etc.
• Under the same WiFi zone, one user will be able to watch movies on Netflix, another user will be able to play online games without any interruption and at the same time another will be able to watch videos without buffering.

WiFi-6 in the Future:

The technology world is all set to enter to the new generation of Wi-Fi 6. Before this service officially launched, manufacturing of hardware and device such as Routers, Smartphone and Chipsets to support this technology has been started. Samsung recently introduced their new flagship Smartphone 'Galaxy S10' which will support Wi-Fi 6. Asus, Netgear, TP-Link have brought Wi-Fi 6 Router to market. HP and Dell brought new laptop that supports Wi-Fi 6. Qualcomm has brought a processor in the market.

Wi-Fi Six will be officially announced soon. It will take time to available in everywhere. The entire networking system of the Internet needs to be transferred to use of WiFi-6. The hardware will have to be replaced, it is also mandatory to use a Wi-Fi Six supported router. Devices will also have to adapt to this technology. This will not be possible to use on older devices, as this requires a change in hardware.

At the beginning, Wi-Fi Six supported routers, processors and devices will also be quite expensive. The routers or devices that currently support Wi-Fi Six are priced higher on the market. That is, the world of Wi-Fi technology will change slowly.

Every user wants high-speed Internet service and this trend will draw users to WiFi-6 in the future.

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Top 20 Best Smart Mobile Phones - from 11 to 20

Which on is the best mobile phone in the world? which will be the best one for you? Before buying any handset, these are the most common question's that usually appear in our mind. This post is the First Part of a review post of the present Top 20 Smart Mobile Phones in the world up to May, 2013. Take a look at the pics, this could help you a little. The list started from the number 11 to 20. Click on the 2nd part link below to see the best from 1 to 10.

20. Huawei Ascend G330:
The Ascend G330 is a solid performer. It's smooth in use, has the power to run even the most demanding apps very well, and although not hugely exciting to look at and hold, the display's clear and bright enough to elevate it above some of the tattier budget models. And it's definitely more capable than the old Ascend G300, with hardly any glitches when downloading/updating apps and navigating the phone at the same time. It delivers a great smartphone experience for the money with hardly any obvious compromises.

19. Samsung Ativ S:
Thanks to an excellent build, good specs, beefy storage and an open body design, the Ativ S is an excellent WP8 option. While Windows Phone 8 is definitely wanting in the app department, it's still a rich enough eco-system for many, and the sleek lines of the Ativ S remind us nicely of other high-end Samsung phones. Samsung has really one-upped the competition by including a removable battery, and more importantly, microSD storage. One of our biggest complaints with the HTC 8X was its paltry 16GB of space and lack of removable storage.

18. Motorola Razr HD:
Motorola might not be anywhere near the sharp end of the smartphone market these days (or, indeed, ever) but it still makes a half-decent fist of a mid-range smartphone. While this phone lacks in some areas (let's be honest: a dual core processor doesn't get anyone's heart racing any more, despite being able to handle most tasks you can throw at it) it still has a clear screen, a simple OS and a really strong battery at its heart. Many will be taken by the almost stock Android platform it uses, and the fact it's got an additional HDMI port means it's easy to sync your phone up to a big screen. It doesn't cost the earth, which is a key consideration as well in these financially-addled times - although you can get a Galaxy S3 for the same money.

17. Sony Xperia S:
We used to love the Xperia Arc S - but we're a fickle bunch, and now Ericsson has been cast aside, we're all over the new brand like a cat on a fresh set of curtains. The Xperia S almost has too many positive points to list, with a HD screen, 12MP camera and dual-core processor all combining to make one of the finest smartphones of 2012. As you will gather from our review, the Sony Xperia S has both a quality screen and a dual-core processor that never slows down - plus that 12MP camera is still more than half-decent. Sony has also very kindly bundled lots of software with the Xperia S out of the box, which saves you having to dash to Google Play as soon as you turn on to grab vital apps. Battery life is the only slight wobble (if you don't mind a plastic casing), but it will generally last a day under normal conditions, and that's a solid enough benchmark for us.

16. Motorola Razr i:
Motorola's done a good job with the Razr i. It's taken a line that refuses to die quietly, injected it with a little bit of pizzaz and thrown it right out there for all and sundry. The fact that you can expand the storage by up to 64GB makes this an attractive option. And it's an easy phone to use without too much customization to confuse Android newbies. Plus, it works well as a phone, with good signal, and provides you with a top notch, fast internet service. And let's not forget about that screen: with the edge to edge display, it really pops and fizzes in the palm, with the Super AMOLED display impressing.

15. Samsung Galaxy S2:
This former number one phone in the world continues to slide down the rankings, despite still being a decent piece of hardware. That's not to take anything away from a cracking phone that is getting to a really low price these days, but it's nothing compared to its successor (and subsequent sequel). Make no mistake - this is still a great phone, thanks to the Ice Cream Sandwich update, and the design has moved from cool to iconic pretty quickly. On top of that the Jelly Bean update is rolling out apace for this ageing phone, which means for the money you can buy it for, it's still a decent choice. Don't go for a two year contract though - you could end up using a phone that's nearing hald-a-decade old. What we love about the Samsung Galaxy S II is the sheer amount of stuff that's packed in under the chassis - but more important is the way Samsung has used all that tech to create a phone that just works near-flawlessly.

The dual-core 1.2GHz processor, the Super AMOLED plus screen and the excellent sonic performance of the media player are still good enough for use, if you're not bothered about bleeding-edge speed. Recording in 1080p is a nice touch (given that it actually works most of the time) and the camera is more than enough to take great shots in a short space of time - although we suggest you check out the phones higher in this list for more powerful snappers. In short, be it internet browsing, navigation, media, or social networking- the Samsung Galaxy S2 is still more than good enough for all those functions in one phone.

14. Sony Xperia T:
The Sony Xperia T took over from the Sony Xperia S as the Japanese company's new flagship device, but borrows the design found on the popular, but now aging Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc and Arc S. Now the Xperia Z has emerged as the first 'true' Sony phone, there's no doubt this handset's time in the sun is setting, but as 007's phone of choice it still one to check out, thanks to sweet design and innards. It runs Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich and is powered by a 1.5GHz dual-core processor, with a 4.6-inch display boasting Sony's Bravia TV technology and on the back of the handset you'll find the 13MP camera – one of this phone's best features. Jelly Bean is being delivered for this phone in the near future too, so you won't end up with last year's software if you still fancy spending on Sony. That being said, when compared with the earlier Sony Xperia S, or some of the other flagship Android handsets, the difference is negligible.

13. HTC One X+:
The HTC One X was an odd handset - not in the design (lovely) or the features (top-end) - but that it's seen as a 'renaissance' phone for the firm, despite its success in such a short time. It took that design, threw out the bits that don't work and had another go... while adding a '+' on the end to show it's all new and shiny. It's addressed storage concerns and improved web browser efficiency and the always reliable HTC keyboard – although the battery is still a bit of a sore point. Obviously now the HTC One has popped up, this phone is much less relevant than it once was... but camera and design aside it's not a million miles away from the impressive force of the One. The beefed up processor along with the Android 4.1 and Sense 4+ UI updates makes the One X+ an even slicker, smoother and more powerful customer than its older brother. The already excellent HTC keyboard has once again been given further improvements making it even better and for the first time we didn't feel the need to download an alternative from Google Play- kudos HTC - and LOOK! It comes in red and black with 64GB of storage.

12. BlackBerry Z10:
BlackBerry is back - there's no doubt about that after the huge launch of the BlackBerry Z10 and it's new BB10 operating system. The lateness of said launch caused some to question the relevance of the phones, but there's no doubt it's still a phone that ticks a lot of boxes. The BlackBerry Z10's Peek function, interesting camera features and ability to offer you a work and life balance, which will appeal to a lot of people who struggle to carry around two handsets when the office won't let you bring the iPhone in. The Z10 has a quality finish as well as a clever interface, and the expandable storage, removable battery and Adobe Flash support are all small wins for the Z10 and will help as it tries to stand out in a crowded market.

11. LG Optimus 4X HD:
If it hadn't been for the Galaxy S3 and the HTC One X, there is no doubt about it – the LG Optimus 4X HD would be one of the best phones out there, once upon a time. Its specs are fantastic. The trouble is, LG has released this handset just too late, which means it doesn't offer anything mind-blowing or really that alternative.However, it's a media powerhouse, has sleek lines and has power in spades - plus a better battery than the One X, with the same chip set. In summary, we do recommend it – it's a cracking piece of kit. And if you can get it on a good deal (of which there are many right now), we say 'go for it', but there's no real reason to pick this over a Samsung Galaxy SIII, an HTC One X or even a One S, with the last option impressing hugely on the design front.

Thanks a lot for reading this post. Click on the below link of the 2nd Part of the post.
Top 20 Smart Mobile Phones - from 1 to 10.
source: techradar

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History of Laptop / Notebook Computers - after 70s

Before laptop / notebook computers were technically feasible, similar ideas had been proposed, most notably Alan Kay's Dynabook concept, developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. What was probably the first portable computer was the Xerox NoteTaker, again developed at Xerox PARC, in 1976. However, only 10 prototypes were built.

Osborne1:
An opened, Osborne 1 computer ready for use. The keyboard sits on the inside of the lid.
The first mass-produced microprocessor-based portable computer was the Osborne 1 in 1981, which used the CP/M operating system. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny 5" CRT monitor, it had a near-revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. This and other "luggables" were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and more importantly, could be carried on commercial aircraft.

Bondwell 2:
Although it wasn't released until 1985, well after the decline of CP/M as a major operating system, the Bondwell 2 is one of only a handful of CP/M laptops. It used a Z-80 CPU running at 4 MHz, had 64 K RAM and, unusual for a CP/M machine, a 3.5" floppy disk drive built in. It had an 80×25 character-based LCD mounted on a hinge similar to modern laptops, one of the first computers to use this form factor.

Other CP/M laptops:
The other CP/M laptops were the Epson PX-4 (or HX-40) and PX-8 (Geneva), the NEC PC-8401A, and the NEC PC-8500. These four units, however, utilized modified CP/M systems in ROM, and did not come standard with any floppy or hard disks.

Compaq Portable:
A more enduring success was the Compaq Portable, the first product from Compaq, introduced in 1983, by which time the IBM Personal Computer had become the standard platform. Although scarcely more portable than the Osborne machines, and also requiring AC power to run, it ran MS-DOS and was the first true legal IBM clone (IBM's own later Portable Computer, which arrived in 1984, was notably less IBM PC-compatible than the Compaq.

Epson HX-20:
Another significant machine announced in 1981, although first sold widely in 1983, was the Epson HX-20. A simple handheld computer, it featured a full-transit 68-key keyboard, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, a small (120×32-pixel) dot-matrix LCD display with 4 lines of text, 20 characters per line text mode, a 24 column dot matrix printer, a Microsoft BASIC interpreter, and 16 KB of RAM (expandable to 32 KB).

GRiD Compass:
However, arguably the first true laptop was the GRiD Compass 1101, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1979-1980, and released in 1982. Enclosed in a magnesium case, it introduced the now familiar clamshell design, in which the flat display folded shut against the keyboard. The computer could be run from batteries, and was equipped with a 320×200-pixel electroluminescent display and 384 kilobyte bubble memory. It was not IBM-compatible, and its high price (US$8,000–10,000) limited it to specialized applications. However, it was used heavily by the U.S. military, and by NASA on the Space Shuttle during the 1980s. The GRiD's manufacturer subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. GRiD Systems Corp. was later bought by the Tandy (now RadioShack) Corporation.

Dulmont Magnum/Kookaburra:
Another contender for the first true laptop was the Dulmont Magnum, designed Barry Wilkinson and Terry Crews Engineering Manager at Dulmison in 1982 and released in Australia in 1983 It included an 8x80 display in a lid that closed against the keyboard. It was based on the MS-DOS operating system and applications stored in ROM (A:) and also supported removable modules in expansion slots (B: and C:) that could be custom programmed EPROM or standard word processing and spreadsheet applications. However, the Magnum had no nonvolatile memory, but could suspend and retain memory in RAM, including a RAM Disk (D:). A separate expansion box provided dual 5.25" floppy or 10MB hard disk storage. Dulmont was eventually taken over by Time Office Computers, who marketed the Magnum internationally in 16 and 25 line LCD versions, and also introduced the brand name Kookaburra to emphasize its Australian origins.

Ampere:
The Ampere, a sleek clamshell design by Ryu Oosake, also made in 1983. It offered a MC68008 microprocessor dedicated to running an APL interpreter residing in ROM.

Tandy Model 100:
The TRS-80 Model 100 was an early portable computer introduced in 1983. It was one of the first notebook-style computers, featuring a keyboard and LCD display, battery powered, in a package roughly the size and shape of notepad or large book. It was made by Kyocera, and originally sold in Japan as the Kyotronic 85. Although a slow seller for Kyocera, the rights to the machine were purchased by Tandy Corporation, and the computer was sold through Radio Shack stores in the United States and Canada as well as affiliated dealers in other countries, becoming one of the company's most popular models, with over 6,000,000 units sold worldwide. The Olivetti M-10 and the NEC PC-8201 and PC-8300 were also built on the same Kyocera platform.

Sharp and Gavilan:
Two other noteworthy early laptops were the Sharp PC-5000 and the Gavilan SC, announced in 1983 but first sold in 1984. The Gavilan was notably the first computer to be marketed as a "laptop". It was also equipped with a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. Like the GRiD Compass, the Gavilan and the Sharp were housed in clamshell cases, but they were partly IBM-compatible, although primarily running their own system software. Both had LCD displays, and could connect to optional external printers. The Dulmont Magnum, launched internationally in 1984, was an Australian portable similar in layout to the Gavilan, which used the Intel 80186 processor.

Kyotronic 85:
The year 1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Owing much to the design of the previous Epson HX-20, and although at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who recognized its potential and marketed it respectively as the TRS-80 Model 100 line (or Tandy 100), Olivetti M-10, and NEC PC-8201. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's built-in programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8 line × 40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US$300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg with dimensions of 30×21.5×4.5 centimeters (12×8½×1¾ in). Initial specifications included 8 kilobytes of RAM (expandable to 24 KB) and a 3 MHz processor. The machine was in fact about the size of a paper notebook, but the term had yet to come into use and it was generally described as a "portable" computer.

Commodore SX-64:
The Commodore SX-64, also known as the Executive 64, or VIP-64 in Europe, was a portable, briefcase or suitcase-size "luggable" version of the popular Commodore 64 home computer, and was the first full-color portable computer. The SX-64 featured a built-in five-inch composite monitor and a built-in 1541 floppy drive. It weighed 20 pounds. The machine was carried by its sturdy handle, which doubled as an adjustable stand. It was announced in January 1983 and released a year later, at $995 USD.

Kaypro 2000:
Possibly the first commercial IBM-compatible laptop was the Kaypro 2000, introduced in 1985. With its brushed aluminum clamshell case, it was remarkably similar in design to modern laptops. It featured a 25 line by 80 character LCD display, a detachable keyboard, and a pop-up 90 mm (3.5 inch) floppy drive.

IBM PC Convertible:
Also among the first commercial IBM-compatible laptops was the IBM PC Convertible, introduced in 1986. It had a CGA-compatible LCD display and 2 floppy drives. It weighed 13 lbs.

Toshiba T1100, T1000, and T1200:
Toshiba launched the Toshiba T1100 in 1985, and has subsequently described it as "the world's first mass-market laptop computer". It did not have a hard drive, and ran entirely from floppy disks. The CPU was a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88, a variation of the popular Intel 8088, and the display was a monochrome, text-only 640x200 LCD. It was followed in 1987 by the T1000 and T1200. Although limited floppy-based DOS machines, with the operating system stored in ROM, the Toshiba models were small and light enough to be carried in a backpack, and could be run from lead-acid batteries. They also introduced the now-standard "resume" feature to DOS-based machines: the computer could be paused between sessions without having to be restarted each time.

US Air Force:
The first laptops successful on a large scale came in large part due to a Request For Proposal (RFP) by the U.S. Air Force in 1987. This contract would eventually lead to the purchase of over 200,000 laptops. Competition to supply this contract was fiercely contested and the major PC companies of the time; IBM Corporation, Toshiba, Compaq, NEC, and Zenith Data Systems (ZDS), rushed to develop laptops in an attempt to win this deal. ZDS, which had earlier won a landmark deal with the IRS for its Z-171, was awarded this contract for its SupersPort series. The SupersPort series was originally launched with an Intel 8086 processor, dual floppy disk drives, a backlit, blue and white STN LCD screen, and a NiCd battery pack. Later models featured an Intel 80286 processor and a 20 MB hard disk drive. On the strength of this deal, ZDS became the world's largest laptop supplier in 1987 and 1988. ZDS partnered with Tottori Sanyo in the design and manufacturing of these laptops. This relationship is notable because it was the first deal between a major brand and an Asian original equipment manufacturer.

Cambridge Z88:
Another notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper as well, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. It anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, and as a ROM-based machine with a small display, can — like the TRS-80 Model 100 — also be seen as a forerunner of the personal digital assistant.

Compaq SLT/286:
By the end of the 1980s, laptop computers were becoming popular among business people. The COMPAQ SLT/286 debuted in October 1988, being the first battery-powered laptop to support an internal hard disk drive and a VGA compatible LCD screen. It weighed 14 lbs.

NEC UltraLite:
The NEC UltraLite, released in mid-1989, was perhaps the first notebook computer, weighing just over 2 kg (4.4 lbs). In lieu of a floppy or hard drive, it contained a 2 megabyte RAM drive, but this reduced its utility as well as its size. Although portable computers with clamshell LCD screens already existed before it, the Ultra-lite was the first computer in a notebook form-factor. It was significantly smaller than all portable computers that came before it. People can actually carry-it like a notebook and fold its clamshell LCD like a book cover over the rest of its body.

Apple Macintosh Portable:
The first Apple Computer machine designed to be used on the go was the 1989 Macintosh Portable (although an LCD screen had been an option for the transportable Apple IIc in 1984). Unlike the Compaq LTE laptop released earlier in the year the Macintosh Portable was actually a "luggable" not a laptop, but the Mac Portable was praised for its clear active matrix display and long battery life, but was a poor seller due to its bulk. In the absence of a true Apple laptop, several compatible machines such as the Outbound Laptop were available for Mac users; however, for copyright reasons, the user had to supply a set of Mac ROMs, which usually meant having to buy a new or used Macintosh as well.

Apple Powerbook:
The Apple PowerBook series, introduced in October 1991, pioneered changes that are now de facto standards on laptops, such as room for a palm rest, and the inclusion of a pointing device (a trackball). The following year, IBM released its ThinkPad 700C, featuring a similar design (though with a distinctive red TrackPoint pointing device). Later PowerBooks featured optional color displays (PowerBook 165c, 1993), and first true touchpad (PowerBook 500 series, 1994), first 16-bit stereo audio, and first built-in Ethernet network adapter (PowerBook 500, 1994).

IBM RS/6000 N40:
In 1994, IBM released the RS/6000 N40 laptop based on a PowerPC microprocessor running the AIX operating system, a variant of UNIX. It was manufactured by Tadpole Technology (now Tadpole Computer), who also manufactured laptops based on SPARC and Alpha microprocessors, the SPARCbook and ALPHAbook lines, respectively.

Windows 95 operating system:
The summer of 1995 was a significant turning point in the history of notebook computing. In August of that year Microsoft introduced Windows 95. It was the first time that Microsoft had implemented the advanced power management specification with control in the operating system. Prior to this point each brand used custom BIOS, drivers and in some cases, ASICs, to optimize the battery life of its machines. This move by Microsoft was controversial in the eyes of notebook designers because it greatly reduced their ability to innovate; however, it did serve its role in simplifying and stabilizing certain aspects of notebook design.

Intel Pentium processor:
Windows 95 also ushered in the importance of the CD-ROM drive in mobile computing, and initiated the shift to the Intel Pentium processor as the base platform for notebooks. The Gateway Solo was the first notebook introduced with a Pentium processor and a CD-ROM. Also featuring a removable hard disk drive and floppy drive, the Solo was the first three-spindle (optical, floppy, and hard disk drive) notebook computer, and was extremely successful within the consumer segment of the market. In roughly the same time period the Dell Latitude, Toshiba Satellite, and IBM ThinkPad were reaching great success with Pentium-based two-spindle (hard disk and floppy disk drive) systems directed toward the corporate market.

1994:
Netscape Navigator introduced. Web traffic rises 300,000 percent as sites come online.

1995:
Intel announces introduction of Universal Serial Bus, USB 1.0, Windows 95 incorporates advanced power management for laptops to conserve battery life. Worldwide laptop sales reach 10 million units. IBM ThinkPad 701, the “Butterfly.” Innovative keyboard expands keys beyond the body; keyboard folds in when lid closes. New York’s Museum of Modern Art includes it in its design collection.

1996:
First hardware with USB, not fully supported by Windows. Gateway Solo 2100: First Pentium laptop, first “three spindle” machine, with floppy, hard disk, CD-ROM. USRobotics introduces 56 kilobit modem.

1997:
First Toshiba Portege, the 300CT, has Pentium power, color screen, hard disk, good battery life in 3.25 pound package.

1998:
Windows 98 supports USB; has automatic device recognition. Gateway Solo 9100: Heavy, rugged multimedia Pentium notebook with universal bays for CD, hard drive, floppy, batteries.

1999:
WiFi consortium creates standard. Laptop manufacturers use PCI slot to enable WiFi connectivity. Apple brands WiFi as AirPort, incorporates a slot into all of its laptops.

2000:
Windows 2000 gains industrial-strength reputation for robustness and security for corporate users. Global laptop sales reach 28.5 million units.

2001:
Mac OS X debuts. Windows XP debuts.

2002:
Tablet PCs from Compaq, Toshiba, HP, Acer, Fujitsu, NEC, Panasonic, others. Virtually all are convertibles, with keyboards. Toshiba Portege 2000 is world’s thinnest, lightest laptop to date, less than 3/4 inch at its thickest point. First 1.8 inch (20GB) hard disk. Fujitsu Lifebook P series is smallest machine with a CD-ROM; uses TransMeta Crusoe chip, another step towards modern netbooks.

2003:
Toshiba Portege M100 is first to adopt super-slim DVD drive. WiFi adapter/access point sales exceed 20 million per year.

2005:
Laptop computers outsell desktops for the first time. Worldwide laptop sales reach 66.3 million units. Lenovo purchases ThinkPad line from IBM.

2006:
WiFi adapter/access point sales exceed 50 million per year. Apple switches to Intel processors.

2008:
HP unveils the TouchSmart tx2 Notebook, first multi-touch notebook and tablet PC for consumers.

2007:
MacBook Air viewed by many as the first netbook. Worldwide laptop sales reach 126 million units.

2010:
HDMI ports become common on laptops. Worldwide laptop sales projected at 170 million units. Apple iPad introduced in that year.


source: wiki

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